Stone in the garden and landscape is used to build retaining and free-standing walls, flagstone patios, stone steps, columns and pillars, water features, benches, planters and sculpture. Stone may be dry-stacked, dry-laid, or joined with mortar. In all cases, good workmanship and a solid foundation are essential, as is selecting durable stone. Stones should be tightly and securely fitted, with each stone set to reveal its individual beauty. Every stone has its own identity. Locally available stone is generally more economical and sustainable. Several types of basalt and flagstone are indigenous to the Mid-Columbia, along with different kinds of river rock and glacial boulders.

From a design standpoint, two or a maximum of three different types of stone should be combined, with one principle signature stone being used throughout the landscape, if at all possible. However, some contrast in texture is important and too many stones of exactly the same shade can blur into an amorphous mass. Stone walls around a patio can serve as sitting walls. Flagstone patios with wider gaps between the stones can be planted with Creeping Thyme or other drought-tolerant ground cover plants. With tighter path and patio stone joints, polymeric sand can be used to fill the joints, allowing for a more flexible material than mortar. Stone used for walls or patios sets off and enhances any planting, being a delightful and versatile companion to a large variety of plants.

Stone as a building material is initially more costly than concrete or brick, but its permanence and lasting beauty add an enduring element to the landscape. Often even small, refined touches of stone enhance the garden.